高学选修4同步练习与单元测试题：电解池原理及应用.pdfVIP

2011-2012AcademicYearChemistryElective4forSeniorHighSchoolStudents

(PeoplesEducationPressEdition)SynchronousExercisesChapter4

Section3

ElectrolyticCell

1.Teachingcontent:

电解池

2.Keypointsand

difficulties:

Theprincipleofelectrolysisanditsapplicationare

bothimportantanddifficult

3.Specificcontents:

1.Principleofelectrolysis

(1)Device(2)Pheno

menon(3)Electrode

reaction(4)Definitionof

electrolysis(5)Judgment

andselectionofelectrodes

(6)Electronflow(7)Ion

dischargesequence

2.Severalsituationsofelectrolysisand

pHchanges

(1)Electrolysiswithcopperchloride

solution(2)Electrolysiswith

hydrochloricacid(3)Electrolysiswith

potassiumsulfatesolution(4)

Electrolysiswithcalciumbromide

solution(5)Electrolysiswithcopper

sulfatesolutionandcopperas

electrode

3.Applicationof

electrolysisprincip

(1)Chlor-alkali

industry

(2)Electroting

(3)Electrolyticrefiningof

copper

(4)Smeltingof

aluminum

(5)Smeltingof

sodium

4.Comparisonweenprimary

batteryandelectrolyticcell

5.JudgmentofpH

changes

【Typical

Example】

[例1]用铅蓄电池作电源电解饱和食盐水氯气，已知铅蓄电池放电时发生如下反应：负极

Pb+SO2－－+2－－

=PbSO+2e正极PbO+4H+SO+2e=PbSO+2HO，今若制Cl0.050mol，这时电池内消耗

4424422

HSO的物质的量至少是（）

24

A.0.025molB.0.050molC.0.10molD.0.20mol

：C

解析：根据电源和电解池中转移电子数相同来解题。

[例2]下图各容器中盛有海水，铁在其中被腐蚀时，由快到慢的顺序