2023-2024学年安徽省芜湖市第一中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷.pdfVIP

2023-2024学年安徽省芜湖市第一中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷

一、阅读理解

1.Throughouthumanhistory,thereisabottomlesswellofpeoplewhomadegreatcontributions

sothatwecannowenjoyabetterlife.Thefollowingare,justfourofthosegreatminds.

JosephLister(1827-1912)

Englishsurgeon(外科医生).Listerpioneeredtheuseofantiseptic(防腐的)andantiseptic

surgerywhichgreatlyimprovedsurvivalratesfrommajorsurgery.Forthis,heisoftenreferred

toasthefatherofmodernsurgeryashisuseofantisepticgreatlyincreasedthekindsof

operationsthatcouldbecarriedout.

MaximilianBircher-Benner(1867-1939)

Bircher-BennerwasapioneeringSwissphysicianandnutritionist.Headvocatedtheeating

ofrawfruitandvegetablesanddiscouragedeatingmeatandheavilyprocessedfoods.

Althoughhewasquestionedbythescientificestablishment,hishealthyeatingideastookoff

andhelpedcreateadietofprocessedbread,meatandcarbs(碳水化合物).Thehealthyeating

trendsheestablishedhavecontinuedtogrowinpopularitywithmorescientificresearch

showingthehealthbenefitsofsuchadiet.

Paracelsus(1493-1541)

Swiss-Germanphysicianandleadinghealthreformer.Paracelsusfoundedthedisciplineof

toxicology(毒理学)andpioneeredtheuseofchemicalsintreatingpatients.Heemphasized

practicalexperience.Hewasalsooneofthefirstdoctorstonoteillnesscanbepsychologicalin

nature.

PeterMansfield(1933-2017)

EnglishphysicistwhowithPeterLauterburhelpedtodevelopmagneticresonance

imaging(MRI)whichgetsdoctorstoseeinsideapatient’sbodywithoutneedingtocutitopen.

WithMRI,doctorscanseefarmorethanwithx-ray,whichislimitedtobones.Hewasawarded

theNobelPrizeinMedicinein2003.

(1).WhatisMaximilianBircher-Benner’scontribution?

A.Hediscoveredx-ray.

B.Hesetupahealthyeatingtrend.

C.Heimprovedsurv