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TheFutureofCleanEnergy
OCTOBER21,2025
BatteryStorage
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Nuclear
Gas
Coal
Other
Source:BrattlesimulationsofU.S.electricityinvestmentandoperationsusinggridSIMmodel.FromAWideArrayofResourcesisNeededtoMeetGrowingU.S.EnergyDemand.TheBrattleGroup.February2025.
1
Large-scaleshifttocleanenergysupply:
●Renewableandbatteryinvestmentsdrivenbyattractivelowsupplycosts,GHGtargets,andIRA+stateincentives
●ElectrificationviaEVs,heatpumps,H2,andincreasingdatacentergrowth
●SlowornogasCCinvestment
●Continuedcoalretirements
Criticalbarrierstotransitionincluded:
●Supplychainbottlenecks
●Interconnectionqueuedelays
●Permittingbarriers
QuestionThen:Howtomanagecleantransitionreliablyandaffordably?
QuestionToday:Canwestilldoit?
Recap:Whatwethoughtayearago
Wealreadyknewwehadhardworktoreadythegridfortransition
Involvesamassiveprogramofpolicyandmarketreformsthatcancontinuetopush
forwardovercoming3-5years,evenifpolicy-drivencleanenergytransitionisdelayed
Economy-wideTransition
Planning
•Setenforceable,
sector-specificGHGtargets
•Self-consistent
electricitygas
forecasts
(electrification,H2,gasreductions)
•Electrification
programs,incentivesenablingtariffs
Reliability
•Resource
adequacy
accountingincentives
•Gridcodes
interconnectionrequirements
•Enhancedancillarymarkets
•Addressemergingthreats(flexibility,voltage/weakgrid,frequency)
Efficient
OperatingIncentives
•Join/formRTOmarkets
•EnhancedRTO
energyancillarymarketdesigns
•ReflectGHG
incentivesin
operations
(marketorpolicy)
•Enablethird-partyemerging
resources
Resource
Investment
Incentives
•Procurementcontracting
mechanisms
•Market-based
incentive
programsorutilityplanningreforms
•Enablingcustomerself-supply
ManagingAffordability
•Customerenergyburden,espe
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