2021年AMC10美国数学竞赛讲义.docxVIP

AMC中数论问题

1：Remembertheprimebetween1to100：

235711131719232931374143475359616771

7379838991

2：Perfectnumber:

LetPistheprimenumber.ifisalsotheprimenumber.thenistheperfectnumber.Forexample:6,28,496.

3：Letisthreedigitalinteger.if

ThenthenumberiscalledDaffodilsnumber.Thereareonlyfournumbers:

153370371407

Letisfourdigitalinteger.if

ThenthenumberiscalledRosesnumber.Thereareonlythreenumbers:

163482089474

4：TheFundamentalTheoremofArithmetic

Everynaturalnumberncanbewrittenasaproductofprimesuniquelyuptoorder.

n=

5：Supposethataandbareintegerswithb=0.Thenthereexistsuniqueintegersqandrsuchthat0≤r|b|anda=bq+r.

6：(1)GreatestCommonDivisor：Letgcd(a，b)=max{d∈Z：d|aandd|b}.

Foranyintegersaandb，wehave

gcd(a，b)=gcd(b，a)=gcd(±a，±b)=gcd(a，b?a)=gcd(a，b+a).

Forexample：gcd(150，60)=gcd(60，30)=gcd(30，0)=30

(2)Leastcommonmultiple:Letlcm(a,b)=min{d∈Z：a|dandb|d}.

(3)Wehavethat：ab=gcd(a，b)lcm(a,b)

7：Congruencemodulon

If,thenwecallacongruencebmodulomandwerewrite.

(1)Assumea，b，c，d，m,k∈

Ifa≡

，，

(2)Theequationax≡b(modm)hasasolutionifandonlyifgcd(a，m)dividesb.

8：Howtofindtheunitdigitofsomespecialintegers

(1)Howmanyzeroattheendof

Forexample，when，LetNbethenumberzeroattheendofthen

(2)Findtheunitdigit.Forexample，when

9：Palindrome，suchas83438，isanumberthatremainsthesamewhenitsdigitsarereversed.

Therearesomenumbernotonlypalindromebut11

(1)Somespecialpalindromethatisalsopalindrome.Forexample:

(2)Howtocreateapalindrome?Almostintegerplusthenumberofitsreverseddigitsandrepeatitagainandagain.Thenwegetapalindrome.Forexample:

ButwhetheranyintegerhasthisPropertyhasyettoprove

(3)Thepalindromeequationmeansthatequationfromlefttorig