数学竞赛题解与优化处理.pdfVIP

Harvard-MITMathematicsTournament

February19,2005

IndividualRound:GeneralTest,Part2—Solutions

1.Thevolumeofacube(incubicinches)plusthreetimesthetotallengthofitsedges(in

inches)isequaltotwiceitssurfacearea(insquareinches).Howmanyincheslongisits

longdiagonal?

Solution:

Ifthesidelengthofthecubeissinches,thentheconditionimpliess32

+3·12s=2·6s,

22

ors(s−12s+36)s(s−6)0.Therefores6,andthelongdiagonalhaslength

√√

s363.

2.Findthreerealnumbersabcsatisfying:

a+b+c21/4

1/a+1/b+1/c21/4

abc1.

Solution:1/4,1,4

Byinspection,onenoticesthatifbisanumbersuchthatb+1/b=17/4,thena=1,c=

2

1/bwillwork.Againbyinspection(orbysolvingthequadraticb17b/4+1=0),

—

onefindsb=1/4or4,sothenumbersare1/4,1,and4.

AlternativeSolution:Notethatab+bc+caabc(1/a+1/b+1/c)=21/4,so

321

a,b,andcaretherootsofthepolynomialx−21x/4+21x/4−1,whichfactorsas

(x−1)(x−4)(4x−1),givingthesameanswer.

4

3.Workingtogether,JackandJillcanpaintahousein3days;JillandJoecanpaintt