外教社初中英语七年级下册教学课件Unit 4.pptxVIP

义务教育教科书;Epicengineering;;;;1

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4;Thekidandtheengineeraretalkingaboutbuilding1________.Thoughitisabig2__________,itisfunbecauseengineerstryto3________waystohelp4_________peopleandplaces.Tocrossmountainsandrivers,theybuild5________andtunnels.Theyalsoaddrockstomakethegroundstrongenough.It’snotaneasyjob!;TheGreatWallofChina,about21,000kmlong,isanexampleofepic1____________.Ittookaround2,000yearsto2__________.Workersfacedmany3__________,suchasliftingheavystonesuphills.Theyinventedcleverwaysandusedspecialtools.Eventoday,engineersworkhardto4________theoldWall.;?;Anepicroad;Therailwayitselfisaworldwonder.Workbeganin1958,andittookover50yearstocomplete.Althoughitwasadifficulttask,Chineseengineersandworkersdidtheirbesttoovercomethechallenges.

Thebiggestchallengewaspermafrost—atypeoffrozengroundthatremainsatorbelow0?Cforatleasttwoyears.Mostoftherailwayisbuiltonit.Thegroundcanbreakeasilyifitgetstoowarm.Thoughtheengineerswerenotfamiliarwiththisproblem,theyinventedwaystosolveit.Theybuiltwallstoblockthesun.Thiscouldkeepthegroundcolderandstronger.Insomeplaces,therailwayisbuiltaboveground,likelongbridges.

Anotherchallengewastoprotecttheplants,riversandanimalsalongtheline.TheQinghai–XizangRailwaypassesthroughKekexiliandQiangtang,placeswithmanywildanimals.Theengineersbuilt25specialpassagesjustforanimals.Nowtheanimalscancrosstherailwaywithoutdanger.;Also,theairinthehighmountainsisthin,andtheoxygen(O2)levelislow.Passengersmayfeelsick.Engineersdesignedtrainsthatcangivepassengersmoreoxygen.

Althoughtherewereepicchallenges,Chineseengineersmadehistory.Today,theQinghai–XizangRailwaytravelsfor1,956kmacrossgreenrivers,alongsnowymou