语言学形态学.pptVIP

Morphology

形态学2021/10/101

Q1.Whatismorphology?Q2.Adistinctionismadebetweenopenclassandclosedclassconcerningthecategorizationofwordsinalanguage.Howdoesthisdistinctionrelateitselftomorphologyinyouropinion?Q3.Morpheme:freemorphemevs.boundmorpheme;derivationalmorphemevs.inflectionalmorphemeQ4.Affix:prefixvs.suffixQ5.Compoundingandcompounds2021/10/102

1.什么是形态学？研究范围？形态学是涉及语素系统的研究，它研究词的内部结构和构造规则Morphologyreferstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.Q1.Whatismorphology?2021/10/103

Q2.Adistinctionismadebetweenopenclassandclosedclassconcerningthecategorizationofwordsinalanguage.Howdoesthisdistinctionrelateitselftomorphologyinyouropinion?Openclasswords:contentwordsofalanguagetowhichwecanregularlyaddnewwords,suchasnouns,adjectives,verbsandadverbs.E.g.hacker,email,internet,surf,spam,blogsphere,songlifting(song+shoplifting),workaholic,surgiholic,tree-huggerTaikonaut,ginormous,fantabulous菜鸟、驴友、枪手、做秀、粉丝、帖子、拍砖、下课、前卫、PK、丁克、爽、酷、饭局、充电、月光族、黄牛、房奴2021/10/104

Closedclasswords:grammaticalorfunctionalwords,suchasconjunction,articles,prepositionandpronouns.“e”“偶”2021/10/105

Q3.语素的定义语素是语言最小的意义单位。句子是由单词构成的，词可以被分成更小的成分。我们把这些处于单词最低一层的、有意义的成分称为”语素”。Q3:Whatismorpheme?2021/10/106

Q3:Whatismorpheme?Morpheme:theminimalmeaningfulunitHowmanymorphemesdoeseachofthefollowingwordscontain?boy,desireboyish,desirableboyishness,desirabilitygentlemanliness,undesirabilityantidisestablishmentarianism2021/10/107

根据结构语素分为自由语素和粘着语素(morpheme)(freemorpheme)(boundmorpheme)具有完整词汇意义具有一定词汇意义能够独立使用不能单独使用根据语义语素分为词根(root）和词缀(affix）自由，粘着屈折，派生freeroot,boundroot