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LessonFour

TheTrialThatRockedtheWorldTheScopestrial,alsoknownasthe“MonkeyTrial,”isoneofthemostfamouscourtroomdramasinUnitedStateshistory.Thepressdubbed大肆宣传ittheMonkeyTrialbecause,accordingtopopularbelief,evolutionmeantthathumansweredescendedfrommonkeys.I.Warm-upquestionsA.Wheredoesthetrialoccur?AtowncalledDayton,Tennessee.B.Whatisthetheme?TheMonkeyTrial.C.Whydoesthetrialrocktheworld?Itattractsnotonlyfundamentalists,butscientists,journalistsaswell.JohnScopes(1900~1970)wasanAmericanteacherwhoviolatedastatelawbyteachingthetheoryofevolutioninaTennesseehighschool.HistrialwasahighlypublicizedconfrontationbetweendefenseattorneyClarenceDarrowanddirectoroftheprosecution,WilliamJenningsByran.Scopeswasfoundguiltyandfinedanominalsum,buthisconvictionwaslaterreversedontechnicalgrounds.ThenameofJohnScopesbecamesynonymouswithhistrial,whichispopularlyknownastheMonkeyTrial.Afilm,calledInherittheWind,wasmadefromthetrial,withmuchofthedialoguecomingdirectlyformtranscriptsofthecourtproceedings.1925年24岁的斯各普斯从肯尼亚大学毕业，任田纳西州代顿中学的生物老师和橄榄球队教练。他由于教授达尔文的进化论而受到指控。作为当年那次审判的当事人，他写的本文以纪念当年的审判经过。由于神创论的支持者把进化论歪曲简化成“人是猴子变来的”，这次审判又被人们称为“猴子审判”。这次震惊世界的猴子审判至今在美国家喻户晓，是名副其实的“世纪审判”。在20世纪0年代，它被编成了百老汇戏剧《承受清风》（InherittheWind,语出《圣经》：“扰害己家的，必承受清风。愚昧人必作慧心人的仆人。”），马上被视为经典之作。1960年被编成电影，获得四项奥斯卡提名。代顿街上和斯各普斯所在的学校HenrryLouisMencken

(亨利路易斯门肯）HenrryLouisMenckenisaUScontroversialist,humorousjournalist,andcritic.HeisoftenregardedasoneofthemostinfluentialAmericanwritersoftheearly20thcentury.MenckenworkedonthestaffoftheBaltimoreSunformuchofhislife.AsthemostinfluentialUSliterarycriticinthe1920s,heoftenusedcriticismtojeeratthenation’ssocialandculturalweaknesses.Prejudices(1919~1927)collectsmanyofhisreviewsandessays.InTheAmericanLanguage,hebroughtt