鸡白痢沙门氏菌的分离与鉴定(英文).docx

研究报告

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鸡白痢沙门氏菌的分离与鉴定(英文)

一、Introduction

1.BackgroundofChickenWhiteDiarrheaSalmonella

(1)Chickenwhitediarrheasalmonella,alsoknownaspullorumdisease,isahighlyinfectiousbacterialdiseaseaffectingyoungchickens.ItiscausedbythebacteriumSalmonellapullorumandSalmonellatyphimurium,whichbelongtothegenusSalmonella.Thisdiseaseisasignificantthreattothepoultryindustry,causinghighmortalityratesandeconomiclosses.Theprevalenceofchickenwhitediarrheasalmonellavariesgeographically,withsomeregionsreportinginfectionratesashighas70-90%inpoultryflocks.Forinstance,inastudyconductedinEgypt,itwasfoundthat80%ofthesampledchickenflockswerepositiveforSalmonellapullorum,leadingtosubstantiallossesinthepoultryindustry.

(2)Theclinicalsignsofchickenwhitediarrheasalmonellaincludediarrhea,dehydration,poorgrowth,andsometimesmortality.Infectedchickensexhibitpalecombsandwattles,andtheirfeathersbecomeruffled.Thediseaseisparticularlysevereinyoungchicks,oftenleadingtodeathwithinafewdaysofinfection.Theeconomicimpactofthisdiseaseissubstantial,asitcanresultina50-70%reductionineggproductionanda30-50%decreaseinmeatyield.InacasestudyfromBrazil,apoultryfarmreporteda60%mortalityrateinchicksinfectedwithSalmonellapullorum,resultinginsignificantfinanciallossesforthefarm.

(3)Thetransmissionofchickenwhitediarrheasalmonellaoccursthroughthefecal-oralroute,withinfectedchickenssheddingthebacteriaintheirdroppings.Thebacteriacansurviveintheenvironmentforextendedperiods,makingitchallengingtocontrolthedisease.Contaminatedfeed,water,andequipmentcanalsoserveassourcesofinfection.Thediseasecanspreadrapidlywithinaflock,andcontrolmeasuresareessentialtopreventoutbreaks.InastudyconductedinChina,itwasfoundthattheintroductionofnewbirdsinto