世界银行-大规模助推：来自巴基斯坦旁遮普省学校停课期间政府短信活动的证据（英）-2026.1.pdfVIP

PolicyResearchWorkingPaper11286

NudgingatScale

EvidencefromaGovernmentTextMessagingCampaign

duringSchoolShutdownsinPunjab,Pakistan

KoenGeven

AyeshaTahir

TazeenFasih

JavaeriaQureshi

AmerHasan

SheenaFazili

RabeaMalik

KevinMacDonald

EducationGlobalDepartmentAverifiedreproducibilitypackageforthispaperis

January2026availableat,

clickherefordirectaccess.

PolicyResearchWorkingPaper11286

Abstract

Textandvoicemessageshaveemergedasalow-costandtreatmentarmsandreceivedacademicsupportmessages

populartoolfornudgingrecipientstochangebehavior.This(practicemathproblemsandsolutions).Theresultsshow

paperpresentsfindingsfromarandomizedcontrolledtrialthatthemessagesincreasedreenrollmentby6.0percentage

designedtoevaluatetheimpactofaninformationcam-pointsapproximatelythreemonthsaftertheintervention

paignusingtextandvoicemessagesimplementedinPunjab,