专题02 阅读理解(说明文)(学生版）.docxVIP

专题02阅读理解(说明文)

高频话题01自然灾害防范

Passage1

(2025陕西省西安市新城区西安中学高三下学期一模)

Aspartofapost-fireresponseandrecoveryproject,theDebrisFlowHazardTeam(泥石流危害小组)isengaginginseveralstudiestobetterunderstandthedriversofpost-firedebrisflowsandimprovepost-firehazardassessmentsacrossthePacificNorthwest.Wildfiresmakedebrisflowseasytohappen,afast-movingmixtureofwater,soil,androckthatcancausepropertydamageandlossoflife.

Afterawildfire,emergencymanagersneedrapidanswerstothequestions:Wherearedebrisflowslikely?Howmuchrainwillittaketocauseadebrisflow?Andhowbigwillthatdebrisflowbe?Researchersareconductingappliedresearchandemergencyhazardassessmentstoanswerthesequestions.Evaluatedburnareasthey’veassessedincludedthenearly2021Dixiefire,the2020LaborDaywildfires,andmanyofthe2021wildfiresinWashington.

Themodelsusedforhazardassessmenthavebeendevelopedandtestedindrierplaces.Butthemodelshavenotbeentestedwidelyinwetterplaces.Arethemodelsaccurateforwetterregions?Researchershavebegunmonitoringpost-firedebris-flowactivityinwetterplacestoanswerthequestion.Post-firemonitoringinvolvesmeasuringtherainfallwithintheburnedareasandrecordingtheflowresponseafterrainstorms.Theobservedflowresponseiscomparedtothepredictedpossibility.Ifthemodelpredictedahighpossibilityofdebrisflowandtherewasadebrisflow,themodelgotitright.

Recentdatabespeaksbothsimilaritiesanddifferencesindebris-flowprocessesbetweentheareaswithhigherhumidity(湿度)anddrierareas.Forexample,inthe2021Dixiefire,majordebrisflowswerecausedbyshortburstsofintenserainfallliketheyareindrierplaces.Incontrast,debrisflowsinthe2017EagleCreekFirewerecausedbylongtimerainfall.Continuedobservationandtestingisexpectedtoleadtoanimprovedsetofhazardassessmentmodels.

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