考研英语一阅读理解模拟卷2025年冲刺.docxVIP

考研英语一阅读理解模拟卷2025年冲刺

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第一部分阅读理解

阅读下面的文章，回答问题。

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Fordecades,theideathaturbanplanningcoulddirectlycombatsocialproblemshasbeenlargelydismissedbypolicymakers.Cities,theargumentgoes,arecomplexsystems;attemptingtoreshapethemtoachievespecificsocialoutcomesisarrogant,impractical,andultimatelyineffective.Yet,agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthisconventionalwisdomiswrong.Well-designedurbanspacescan,infact,playasignificantroleinfosteringsocialcohesion,promotingpublichealth,andevenreducingcrime.

Onekeyareawhereurbanplanningcanmakeadifferenceisinthecreationofpublicspaces.Parks,plazas,andcommunitycentersarenotmerelyaestheticadditionstoacity;theyarecrucialplatformsforinteraction.Whendesignedtobeaccessibleandinviting,thesespacesencouragepeoplefromdifferentbackgroundstoencounteroneanother,fosteringasenseofcommunity.Forinstance,astudyinChicagofoundthatthepresenceofawell-maintainedlocalparkwasassociatedwithlowercrimeratesinsurroundingneighborhoods.Thereasoningisthatsuchspacesattractmoreresidentsandactivity,makingillicitactivitieslessattractiveandeasiertodetect.

However,theimpactofurbanplanningextendsbeyondphysicalspaces.Thedesignofneighborhoodsandthelayoutofstreetscansignificantlyinfluencehealthbehaviors.Researchhasconsistentlyshownthatlivinginanareawithsafe,accessiblewalkingandcyclingpathsencouragesphysicalactivity.Conversely,car-centriccitiesoftenleadtosedentarylifestyles,contributingtorisingratesofobesityandrelatedhealthissues.Byprioritizingpedestrian-friendlyandmixed-usedevelopments,citiescancreateenvironmentsthatnaturallypromotehealthierhabitsamongtheirinhabitants.

Despitethesepotentialbenefits,implementingeffectiveurbanplanningremainschallenging.NIMBYism(NotInMyBackyard)i