外部性及其对济效率影响与应对措施.pptx

外部性及其对济效率影响与应对措施.pptx

LECTURE3

EXTERNALITIES

OutlineWhatareexternalities?ExternalitiesreduceeconomicefficiencyPrivateresponsesPublicresponsesSpecialcase:pollutionEmissionsfeesCap-and-trade2

Externalities:AdefinitionExternality=costorbenefitthatoccurswhentheactivityofoneentitydirectlyaffectsthewelfareofanotherinawaythatisoutsidethemarketmechanism.AgentA’swelfareisdirectlyaffectedbyagentB’sactions,yetagentBneitherbearsthecostsorreceivesthebenefitsofdoingso.Externalitiesreduceeconomicefficiency,whichconstitutesamarketfailure.Externalitiescanbe

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