中油英语时态.docVIP

时 态 四、现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： Have(has)+过去分词 用于现在完成时的句型常见的有： 1、It is the first/second time that…..结构，that从句要用现在完成时。 例：It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这个城市。 It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是那个男孩第三次迟到。 2、This is the ….that….结构，that从句要用现在完成时。 例：This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time that I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 六、过去完成时： 1、概念：表示过去的过去。其构成是had+过去分词 2、用法： 1）在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。 例：She said (that) she had never been to Paris.她说她从没有到过巴黎。 2）状语从句中，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 例：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 当警察赶到时，小偷已经逃跑了。 3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能………”。 例：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.我们原本希望你能来，但是你没有来。 3、过去完成时的时间状语：before, by ,until, when, after, once, as soon as等。 例：He said that he had learned some English before. 他说他以前已经学了一些英语。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到爱迪生十二岁的时候，他已经开始独自谋生。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.当汤姆赶到晚会时，很多客人已经离开了，他感到很失望。 七、将来完成时 1、构成：shall/will+have+过去分词 2、概念：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或已获得的经验。 例：They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那时他们已经结婚20年了。 You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天的这个时间你已经抵达上海了。 九、过去进行时 1、表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。其构成为was/were+现在分词。 2、过去进行时经常与过去时搭配使用，过去进行时作过去时的时间背景。 3、常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 等。 例：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我弟弟在骑自行车的时候摔下来受伤了。 It was raining when they left the station.他们离开站台的时候正在下雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.当我到达山顶的时候，太阳耀耀生辉。 十一、since 的四种用法 Since用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 例：I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这里已经二十多年了。 I have lived here since I