ppt计算机体系结构.pptVIP

Chapter4 计算机体系结构 学习要求 1、识别微机主板上的部件； 2、解释RAM、虚拟内存、CMOS和ROM之间的区别； 3、解释CPU如何执行程序中的指令； 4、列出影响CPU性能的因素； 5、列出将计算机外围设备与计算机连接所需要的部件。 Chapter4 计算机体系结构 4.1 概述 4.2 存储器 4.3 中央处理器 4.4 输入和输出 4.5 硬件配置指南 Information Web QuickCheck 4.1 概述 Computer architecture(计算机体系结构) refers to the design and construction of a computer system. ⑴What the computer uses for power Most modern computers are powered by electricity. ⑵How the computer physically represents, processes, stores and move data Modern computers use electrical signals and circuits to represent, process, and move data. 4.1 概述-系统内部 系统内部(Inside the system unit) 4.1 概述-集成电路 (Integrated Circuits-IC)集成电路 An IC is a thin slice of silicon crystal(硅晶片)packed with microscopic circuit element such as wires(电线), transistors(半导体), capacitors(电容), and resistors(电阻). 4.1 概述 4.1 概述-主板 (The motherboard)主板 The motherboard contains the processor chip, the chips for computer memory, and chips that handle basic input and output. The motherboard contains expansion slots(扩展槽) that allow you to connect peripheral device(外围设备) to the computer. 4.1 概述 4.1 概述-数字数据表示 计算机使用电脉冲信号表示数据。 数字设备：使用离散的、不连续的数字（如0和1）。 模拟设备：连续变化的数据。 4.1 概述-数据传输 (Data Transport)数据传输 Data travels from one location to another on an electronic pathway called a data bus(数据总线). The bus contains data lines 、 address lines and control lines.. 4.2 存储器 存储专用术语 存储指标 外存 内存 4.2 存储器 - 存储专用术语 The way that a computer actually stores data on a disk is referred to as “physical storage”(物理存储). A conceptual model of files and folders would be referred to as “logical storage”(逻辑存储）. Storage Technology(存储技术) refers to a storage medium（存储介质）and a storage device(存储设备) . 4.2 存储器 - 存储专用术语 A storage medium(存储介质) is the disk, tape, CD, DVD, paper, or other substance that contains data. A storage device(存储设备) is the mechanical apparatus that records and retrieves data from a storage medium. Storage devices include floppy disk drives,hard