计算机怎么算高性能怎么算安全可靠.pptVIP

2003/11/8 计算机怎么算高性能？怎么算安全可靠？ 闵应骅 计算机科学面临的挑战高层研讨会 厦门, 03/12/27 计算机性能评价影响计算机的发展 The 18 NSF workshop (Dec. 2001) panelists agreed that current limitations and trends in evaluation techniques are troublesome and could noticeably slow the rate of computer systems innovation. 微处理机的峰值性能 As an example, a Pentium III with a cycle time of 750 MHz. During a cycle the results of either the adder or multiplier can be completed: 1 operation/1 cycle? 750MHz = 750Mflop/s David H. Bailey, NERSC Chief Technologist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 微处理器芯片性能 ?片数的恶果 多个PC机堆在一起?? 怎么连接? 怎么运作? 究竟怎么算一个计算机? 计算模型 计算模型应该与计算机的实现技术无关 电子计算机、生物计算机、量子计算机等 是否存在这样一个模型？ Church-Turing假设：所有算法都可用一个图灵机描述。 计算机科学要有1000个深层次算法就算成熟。现有约500. (Donald Knuth) Dijkstra 说：计算机科学的主要挑战是“How not to make a mess of it.” 并行机模型 计算机性能与什么有关?Jack J. Dongarray, Piotr Luszczeky, and Antoine Petitetz the application the algorithm the size of the problem the high-level language the implementation the human level of effort used to optimize the program the compilers ability to optimize the age of the compiler the operating system the architecture of the computer, the hardware characteristics. The results presented for benchmark suites should not be extolled as measures of total system performance . 结构信息的定量化 Frederick P.Brooks, JR. Professor, University of North Carolina A.M. Turing Award, Association for Computing Machinery (1999) Member, National Academy of Engineering “Three Great Challenges for Half-Century-Old Computer Science” JACM, Jan. 03 We have no theory that gives us a metric for the information embodied in structure, especially physical structure. We know that an automobile is a more complex structure than a rowboat. We cannot yet say it is x times more complex, where x is some number. 三大挑战(F.P.Brooks) 结构信息的定量化 汽车比小船复杂多少倍？ 软件评价 软件工程要变成一个可预见的学科，像土木工程、电气工程一样。 用户接口 用户接口设计是艺术，不是工程。 Benchmarks 科学计算要求高性能的计算机，这是毫无疑问的。 计算机应用场景非常多。 “未来决定于社会的选择，研究人员的责任是扩大技术可能性空间，为社会提供新的选择。” 无处不在的计算主要不是科学计算。 待处理的问题的复杂性与计算复杂性不是一回事。