英语文体学教案 lecture six Surface-structure Deviation.docVIP

Stylistics Lecture three Surface-structure Deviation Surface-structure deviation includes phonological deviation, graphological deviation, syntactic deviation and lexical deviation. 1.Phonological deviation: Phonological level function more by being over-regular rather than being deviant. However, writers, especially poets, do manage some irregular adaptation of the phonological structure of the words, which is manifested in the form of the spelling of the concerned words. 1.1 Omissions The most common forms of phonological deviation take place in the form of omission of the initial part, medial part, or the final part of a word. Further more, there are special names for these omissions at the different positions of the word, respectively: aphesis（aphaeresis）: the omission of an initial part of a word, （textbook: p23） syncope: the omission of a medial part of a word（p24） apocope: the omission of a final part of a word 1.2 Mispronunciation and sub-standard pronunciation of a word. In order to ensure vivid description of a character, the literary writer may choose to let his characters mis-pronounce certain words or simply pronounce them in sub-standard ways. （p25, p26） 1.3 Special pronunciation In order to maintain a rhyme scheme, the poet may give special pronunciation to certain words. （textbook, P29） 1.4 Change of stress balusterbaluster （textbook p30） 2. Graphological deviation Graphology（笔迹，语相）refers to the shape or size of the symbols used to convey meaning. Deviation at this level refers to the instances in which the symbols are not rendered in the normal shape or form but rather in some atypical form or shape, with a purpose to highlight the expression of the meaning. And in extreme cases, the shape of the text and the symbols of the different linguistic levels are even essential for the interpretation of the text. 2.1 Shape of the text （p.31）d exigency E.g. 2.2 Type of print: boldfaced or normal type/ capitalization or small letter（p.32） 2.3 Gra