企业运营管理.ppt

* * * * * * * * * The supply chain is a concatenation of cycles with each cycle at the interface of two successive stages in the supply chain. Each cycle involves the customer stage placing an order and receiving it after it has been supplied by the supplier stage. One difference is in size of order. Second difference is in predictability of orders - orders in the procurement cycle are predictable once manufacturing planning has been done. This is the predominant view for ERP systems. It is a transaction level view and clearly defines each process and its owner. * In this view processes are divided based on their timing relative to the timing of a customer order. Define push and pull processes. They key difference is the uncertainty during the two phases. Give examples at Amazon and Borders to illustrate the two views * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 21 * 3 * 7 * * * * 4 * * 12 * 16 * 17 * * 20 * * * 5 * * 5 * * 5 * * 4 * * 5 * * 6 * * 11 * * 12 * * 13 * * 14 * * 18 * * Notes: Key message here is that logistics costs are a significant fraction of the total value of a product. The problem here is that this a purely cost based view of the supply chain and drives a firm to simply reducing logistics costs. This is an incomplete picture. * * * Notes: Supply chain involves everybody, from the customer all the way to the last supplier. Key flows in the supply chain are - information, product, and cash. It is through these flows that a supply chain fills a customer order. The management of these flows is key to the success or failure of a firm. Give Dell Compaq example, Amazon Borders example to bring out the fact that all supply chain interaction is through these flows. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 * * 3 * * 4 * * 13 * * 5 * * 6 * * 7 * 8 * 9 * * * 12 * * 13 * * 14 * * 15 * 供应链管理的关键问题 两个核心问题： 全局优化：单赢-〉多赢 供应与需求的匹配：管理不确定性 关键问题 物流网络配置 配送策略 库存控制 战略合作伙伴 外包和采购策略 产品设计 信息技术和决策支持系统 顾客价值 牛鞭效应 bullwhip effect 是指需求信息在从最终客户开始沿着供应链向零售商、分销商、制造商乃