高一英语语法专项—直接引语与间接引语新人教版.docVIP

语法专项—直接引语与间接引语一、直接引语 　　在引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语（direct speech）。引起引语的词称为引用动词（reporting verbs）。 “I remember I had seen you.”I said. “I rang the bell,”James said,“and your maid let me in.” “I know that.”replied Mrs. Green. 二、间接引语 　　当人们用自己的话报导别人的话时，被报导的部分称为间接引语（indirect speech），也可称作引语结构（report structure）。 Mary said she had already seen the film. He replied that he was going by train. 　　这时被引用部分常常是引用动词的宾语。除了say, reply这类词外，还有很多动词可跟这种从句。 He felt he had to do something. She guessed that he had gone to town. He thought she was worried. He explained that the train wasn’t running. 在使用间接引语时要注意下面几点： 1．引语前一般要用连词that。在个别动词后（如say, tell等）或在口语中可省略。 He told his mother that the boy was very naughty. He says he can’t wait another day. 2．要根据意思改变人称。 “I’ve got your letter,” she said. →She said she had already got my letter. She said to him, “Your pronunciation is better than mine.” →She told him that his pronunciation was better than hers. 3．引语中的谓语要和句子主要谓语在时态上一致。 Kitty said,“I’ll call again after supper.” →Kitty promised that she would call again after supper. Mary said,“I’m beginning to sleep better.” →Mary said that she was beginning to sleep better. Nancy said,“We’ ve got two first places in the sports meet.” →Nancy said that they’d got two first places in the sports meet. 过去时若有表示具体年份的状语，则不必改变。 “I was born in 1980.”Julia said. Julia said that she was born in 1980. 4．指示代词、地点及时间状语等，也需作必要的更动。 She said,“I’ll come here again tonight.” →She said (that) she would go there again that night. He said,“I arrived yesterday morning.” →He said (that) he’d arrived the morning before. She said,“My sister will be back tomorrow evening.” →She said (that) her sister would be back the following evening. 一般说来，here 常改为there，today 改为that day。这类改变大致可用下表表示： 　 在直接引语中 在间接引语中 指示代词 this (place)these (places) that (place)those (places) 时间状语 nowtoday, tonightthis week (month, etc)yesterdaylast week (month)two days (a year, etc) agotomorrownext week (month, etc.) thenthat day, that nightthat week (month,