初级中学三年级英语语法复习——.doc

初三英语语法复习—— ★清华大学★英语系测试：中学英语 官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果 初三英语语法复习——现在完成时，过去完成时 现在完成时 一、现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，也就是说，动作发生在过去，而对现在造成的影响和结果. I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地) 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时段 为…时间Mary has been ill for three days. ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）I have lived here since 1998. ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时）I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old. ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）I worked here. 三、现在完成时与瞬间动作：瞬间动词如arrive, begin, borrow, buy, come, die, join, leave等可以用于现在完成时，但其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语(for…或是since…)连用。如： I have bought a car. (√) I have bought a car for a year. (×) I have bought a car since a year ago. (×) I have had a car for a year. (√) I have had a car since a year ago. (√) 四、构成：肯定句：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 否定句一般疑问句：常用的时间状语有： already “已经” 肯定句的中间和末尾处 never “从不” 中间处 ever “曾经” 疑问句和肯定句的中间处 just “刚刚” 中间处 yet “已经” 、“还” 疑问句、否定句的末尾处 或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用./ abroad （二）.have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如： I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 （三）.have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。 例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。 练习： 一、用since和for填空 1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month 4.______ 1999 5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o’clock 7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour 9. _______ we were children 10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here 12, _______ s