[外语课件]否定的翻译.pptVIP

1.2 译成主动句 Another middle school has been set up in our community. The workers were seen repairing the machine. My first 30 years were spent in Western America. 1.3 译成判断句 a. 因为被动语态不仅可以表示动作，还可以表示状态，在表示状态时，助动词be接近一个完全动词，而过去分词起形容词的作用 He got killed (shot, bitten, punished, used to it). I was astonished / worried / delighted /irritated / puzzled. b. 某些动词的被动语态和一个不及物动词意思差不多 The river was frozen in winter. =froze She was dressed beautifully. =dressed The cloth has been worn thin. = has worn They were married in 2008. = married The book was sold out in an hour. = sold out 1.4 it 做形式主语的翻译，常要转为主动形式有时不加主语,有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等不确定主语 It is suggested that the military training will be put off till next Monday. It is reported that there are 300 million smokers in mainland China and they buy 1, 600 billion cigarettes a year. 1.5 一些是主动形式却带有被动意思的表达方式： The book reads well. This article sells well. The cloth wears well. How does the house let? School will open next week. The plan worked out with success. The story won’t bear retelling. The composition needs correcting. The house requires repairing The novel is worth reading. The problem is under discussion. Rice is in great demand. Unit Two 全部否定（complete negation ） 未经允许，任何人不得入内。 Anybody can not come in without permission. Nobody can come in without permission. “任何……不”是汉语中常用的否定句式，而在英语中与any构成的合成词或被any修饰的词语作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式，因此any ... not的表达形式不符合英语的习惯。翻译这类句子时须用“否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语”(nobody can, nothing is, etc)。 但当any的合成词或any所修饰的词带有后置定语时，谓语可以用否定式，如： 干那种事的人都是不诚实的。 Anyone who does that isnt honest. 这两本书都不是英国出版的。 Both of the books are not published in England. Neither of the books is published in England. 我不同意所有这些方案。 I dont agree to all these projects. I agree to none of these projects. I dont agree to any of these projects. 2. 部分否定 a. “all，every，both…＋not…”结构 英语中含有全体意义的代词和副词如all, every, both, always, altogether, entirely等统称为总括词。它们用于否定结构时不是表示全部否定，而只表示其中的一部分被否定。因此，汉译时不能译作“一切……都不”，而应译为“并非一切……都是的”，或“一切……不都是”。