JAVA基础教程4_精品.pptVIP

* * Reusing classes Composition syntax Simply place object references inside new classes. //SprinklerSystem.java Reference initialization. //Bath.java At the point the objects are defined; In the constructor for that class; Right before you actually need to use the object. (lazy initialization) Using instance initialization. Inheritance syntax extends keyword. //Detergent.java “this new class is like that old class.” You automatically get all the fields and methods in the base class. super keyword. Refers to the “superclass” that the current class inherits. Initializing the base class When you create an object of the derived class, it contains within it a subobject of the base class. Java automatically inserts calls to the base-class constructor in the derived-class constructor. //Cartoon.java Constructors with arguments If there is no default base-class constructor, or if you want to call a base-class constructor that has arguments, you must explicitly write a call to the base-class constructor using the super keyword and the appropriate argument list. //Chess.java Delegation Delegation is midway between inheritance and composition. You can place a member object in the class you’re building. You can also expose all the methods from the member object in your new class. //SpaceShipControls.java; SpaceShipDelegation.java Combining composition and inheritance It is very common to use composition and inheritance together. //PlaceSetting.java Although the compiler forces you to initialize the base classes, it doesn’t watch over you to make sure that you initialize the member objects, so you must remember to pay attention to that. Guaranteeing proper cleanup If you want something cleaned up for a class, you must explicitly write a special method to do it. //CADSystem.java First perform all the cleanup work specific to your class, in the reverse order of creation. Then call the base-class cleanup method. Name hiding If a Java base class has a method name that’s overloaded