英汉双语材料力学16.pptVIP

CHAPTER16 FURTHER RESEARCH ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 第十六章 材料力学性能的进一步研究 2.冲击试验 试件 ① Impact toughness of the specimen with “U” cut: ②Impact toughness of the specimen with “V” cut: ③ Cold short ：phenomenon that the impact toughness decreases with the decreasing of temperatures. When the temperature is reduced to a value, the material is destroyed because of breaking before plasticitying occurs. This is the cold short of the material. The above-mentioned temperature is called the fragility transition temperature or abbreviated as the transition temperature 。 work of the impact force area of the cut Work of the impact force ① “U”型口试件的冲击韧性： ②“V”型口试件的冲击韧性： ③ 冷脆：温度降低，冲击韧性下降的现象称为冷脆。 当温度降低到某一温度下时，材料在发生塑性变形之前就因拉断而破坏，这就是材料的的冷脆。而上述温度则称为脆性转变温度或简称转变温度。 The oil carrier is totally destroyed under low temperatures. * Mechanics of Materials §16–1 SUMMARY §16–2 EFFECTS OF THE STRAIN RATE AND STRESS RATE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS §16–3 EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS §16–4 EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS ·CREEP AND RELAXATION §16–5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS UNDER IMPACT LOADS · IMPACT TOUGHNESS · TRANSITON TEMPERATURE §16–1 概述 §16–2 应变速率及应力速率对材料力学性能的影响 §16–3 温度对材料力学性能的影响 §16–4 温度与时间对材料力学性能的影响 · 蠕变与松弛 §16–5 冲击荷载下材料的力学性能 ·冲击韧度 ·转变温度 §16–1 SUMMARY The mechanical properties of materials at high temperature, in static loading(by quasi-static test), tension and compression are introduced in the above chapter 1. Real structures or members usually work under complex conditions. For example, the working temperature of some petroleum chemical equipments is very slow, and the working temperature of some internal-combustion engines or gas turbines is very high; the blades of the steam turbines are always subjected to large centrifugal forces; the prestressed steel bars or wires in the prestressed steel-bar reinforced concrete always work under