关系分句.docVIP

第33讲????? 关系分句关系分句（Relative Clause)是由关系词（Relative Word）引导的分句结构。这种分句结构又称“定语从句”（Attributive Clause），因为这种分句的主要功能是作名词修饰语（即“定语”）。但是，关系分词除作“定语”外，还可以表示其他意义，因此本书仍按其结构特征名之为“关系分句”。33.1? 限制性关系分句与非限制性关系分句?? 关系分句就其与先行项的语义关系分为限制性关系分句（Restrictive Relative Clause）和非限制性关系分句（Non-restrictive Relative Clause）。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系，缺少了它，作为先行项的名词（词组）便不能明确表示其所指对象。例如：Here is the boy who damaged the wase.非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间只有比较松散的联系，它不是先行项的不可缺少的组成部分，而仅仅是对先行项提供一些补充说明。因此，如果省略了一个非限制性关系分句，并不影响先行项的所指意义。例如：My cousin,who is an engineer,went to Europe last week.1)限制性关系分句?? 限制性关系分句在口语中前后没有停顿，在书写中通常不用逗号。例如：?? The man who did the robbery? has been caught.?? The chair (which )I sat in was a broken one.?? Can you show me the house where Shakespeare once lived??? The reason why I was along in the mountains is that I had a difficulty with my guide.?? 限制性关系分句通常出现在下列搭配中：当名词中心词带有表示类别的不定冠词时，其后的关系分句通常为限制性关系分句。例如：?? She was a woman who must be treated decently.?? He spoke to me in a tone which I don’t at all like.?? 当名词中心词带有前照应定冠词时，其后的关系分句也必定是限制性的。例如：?? He is the man who told me the news.?? This is the car I brought last year.当名词中心词带有all,any,some,every,no等不定限定词时，其后的关系分句也通常是限制性的。例如：? The first flame from Rainbarrow sprang into the sky,attracting all eyes that had been fixed on the distang conflagration(大火）.? Any man who smokes cigarettes is,the doctors say,risking his health.? Some friends that I made in college were more interested in grades than in learning.? He has read almost every book on linguistics that he could get hold of in the library.? No visitors who come to? Beijing would fail to see the Great Wall.2)非限制性关系分句? 如前所示，非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间只有比较松散的关系。这种分句在口语中有停顿，在书写中常用逗号隔开。非限制性关系分句的引导词通常是who,whom,whose和which等wh-词，但也并不绝对排除that.例如：?The Chairman,who spoke first ,sat on my right.?His speech,which bored everyone,went on and on.?The Chairman’s daughter,whose name is Ann,gave me a patient smile.?She is devilish like Miss Cutter,that I used to meet at Dumdum.关系副词where和when也能引导非限制性关系分