化学与化工专业英语4-课文练习1.pptVIP

化工英语 练习一 翻译 5页 1、2段 练习二 翻译 15页 1、2、3段 练习三 翻译 28页 1、2段 练习四 翻译 34页 1、2、3 段 练习五 翻译 45页 1、2、3段 练习六 翻译 50页 1、2、3段 练习七 翻译 56页 3、4段 练习八 翻译 61页 1、2、3段 练习九 翻译 66页 1、2段 练习十 翻译 70 页 1、2、3段 processes in which a liquid solution is treated with a liquid solvent phase(called liquid-liquid extraction). One of the common applications of extraction is in the separation of compounds differing as to chemical type but difficult to separate by distillation because their volatilities do not differ greatly3. At example is the separation of aromatic and paraffin hydrocarbons4 in the solvent refining lubricating oils. In other cases solvent extraction is employed because the components are heat-sensitive and tend to decompose at the ordinary temperatures of distillation or evaporation. Penicillin, streptomycin, and other biological produced in dilute solutions may be concentrated and purified by solvent extraction in order that the pure products may be recovered by fractional crystallization or precipitation5. In some cases extraction may prove economical in instances where distillation is also entirely practical. Thus Othmer and Trueger claim heat savings for the solvent extraction of acetone and ethyl alcohol from dilute aqueous solution, as compared with standard rectification practice for these separations. This claim is based on the fact that moderately concentrated extracts may be obtained by the use of proper solvents and that the heat requirement for distillation from these extracts may be less than for distillation of the original dilute aqueous solutions. The solvent extraction process involves the four operations of: bringing solvent and solution into intimate contact; separation of the two phases; removal and recovery of solute from the extract phase; removal and recovery of solvent from each phase, usually by distillation. Contacting may be accomplished in any of the several types of equipment, such as baffle-plate mixers, mixers which employ impinging jets of the two liqu