美国数学建模竞赛特等奖论文——2001 B O Traffic Flow Models and the Evacuation Problempdf【数学建模】.pdfVIP

Traffi c Flow Models 271 Traffic Flow Models and the Evacuation Problem Samuel W. Malone Carl A. Miller Daniel B. Neill Duke University Durham, NC Advisor: David P. Kraines Introduction We consider several models for traffic flow. A steady-state model employs a model for car-following distance to derive the traffic-flow rate in terms of empirically estimated driving parameters. We go on to derive a formula for total evacuation time as a function of the number of cars to be evacuated. The steady-state model does not take into account variance in speeds of vehicles. To address this problem, we develop a cellular automata model for traffic flow in one and two lanes and augment its results through simulation. After presenting the steady-state model and the cellular automata models, we derive a space-speed curve that synthesizes results from both. We address restricting vehicle types by analyzing vehicle speed variance. To assess traffic merging, we investigate how congestion occurs. We bring the collective theory of our assorted models to bear on five evac- uation strategies. Assumptions • Driver reaction time is approximately 1 sec. • Drivers tend to maintain a safe distance; tailgating is unusual. • All cars are approximately 10 ft long and 5 ft wide. • Almost all cars on the road are headed to the same destination. c The UMAP Journal 22 (3) (2001) 271ñ290. Copyright 2001 by COMAP, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice. Abstracting with credit is permitted, but copyrights for components of this work owned by others than COMAP must be honored. To copy otherwise, to republish, to po