基于ATmega48单片机的恒速风扇控制器的设计.doc

摘　　要 本文介绍了采用ATmega48单片机实现恒速风扇控制器的方法。概括地说就是通过用ATmega48单片机控制可控硅的导通角的大小来实现对电机的转速控制，同时要将给定转速显示在DG03532液晶显示器的液晶屏上。由于单片机的工作电源为直流5V，电机为交流220V，需要从交流220V中整流出直流5V电源；可控硅的导通角分别通过转速上升键、转速下降键来实现，而且能适应不同工频电压下的工作环境。 在硬件设计部分，运用Protel软件绘制出原理图，从原理图中所涉及的元件的选择开始介绍，对原理图进行了各部分的功能的实现进行讲解并详细解释所选元件值的计算方法。在软件设计部分，通过前面对AVR系列ATmega48单片机的指令系统、硬件结构和管脚功能的具体介绍，用AVR的汇编语言编程并配合程序流程图对程序进行解释，使通过程序实现电机的转速控制和显示、可控硅触发功能以及DG03532液晶的显示驱动等功能，并通过对所编写程序在AVR Studio上的调试，验证了程序的正确性及可用性。 关键词：小型单相异步电机 双向可控硅 DG03532液晶显示器 ATmega48ABSTRACT This paper introduces the method that uses the ATmega48 single-chip to realize the constant speed ventilator controller. Generally speaking, it uses ATmega48 single-chip to control the breakover angle size of the TRAIC to realize to control the speed of single-phase asynchronous motor, at the same time, it must make the given speed number display on the LCD, whose model is DG03532. Because the work power supply of the ATmega48 single-chip is 5V DC, and the work power supply of single-phase asynchronous motor is 220V AC, it must exchange the source from 220V AC to 5V DC using the rectification; it uses the up and down key of the speed to control the breakover angle size of the TRAIC, at the same time, it must adapt to different working environment that has different frequency. To design the part of hardware, it uses Protel to draw the schematic diagram. The paper also reduces the choice of components involved, the functions of the various parts involved, and the calculation methods of the value of the components. To design the part of software, with the information of the instruction system, the hardware structure and the function of the pin of the ATmega48 single-chip reduced above, the paper makes the procedure with assembly language and explains them with the procedure flow chat, in order to make the functions mentioned above achieved, it uses AVR Studio to test the procedure to verify the procedure, and makes the procedure accurate and available. Key words: single-phase asynchr