【信息技术英文版课件】SolvingProblems.ppt

c 2000 Dr. David L. Anderson All Rights Reserved c 2000 Dr. David L. Anderson All Rights Reserved Chapter 3Solving Problems Systems Approach Feedback and Control Systems Strategic Leverage Paradigm Systems DevelopmentLifecycle Systems Planning Elements People Users, Management, Information Specialists Data How it is captured, used, and stored Activities Automated and Manual Business and Information Applications Networks Where data is stored and processed How data is exchanged between different locations Technology hardware and software used Information SystemBuilding Block Differentiation versus Cost Leadership Is Cost Leadership Sustainable? Industry/Company Relationships Break-Even Point Decision Trees Efforts to Categorizethe Unknown Barriers to Entry Sources Economies of Scale Economies of Scope Product Differentiation Capital Requirements Cost Disadvantages Independent of Size Distribution Channel Access Government Policy Four Generic Approaches Lose/Lose Total Industry Profits are Very Low, Zero, or Negative Industry Revenues are Declining, or, at best, steady Product Technology is at or past its peak Win/Win Total Industry Revenues and Profits are Growing Rapidly Numerous Players of All Sizes Products and Services are not Standardized Win/Lose Total Industry Revenues and/or Profits are Constant or are Growing very Slowly Significant Economies of Scale in Production, Distribution, and/or Promotion Number of Firms Participating in the Industry is Limited and Stable Individual Participants have, or can obtain, Information Regarding the Relative Positions of the Players Structure Defines the Terms of Competition Wasting Resources generic advertising rather than focusing on specific market segments Precipitating Unwanted Warfare Causing a full-scale price war when only brand repositioning was necessary Failing to Anticipate and Adapt to Changes Following historical patterns Underspending on Advertising Structure Defines Maneuver Standard or Dominant Produ