【英文版环境化学】WaterPollution-OxygenConsumingWastes.pptVIP

Water Pollution-Oxygen Consuming Wastes General types of water pollutants Disease-causing agents (Pathogens) Oxygen-consuming agents Plant nutrients Toxic substances Heavy metals Pesticides Dissolved solids Acids Suspended solids and sediments Oil Radioactive substances (Radionuclides) Heat (thermal pollution) Oxygen and aquatic life Animals and plants living in an aquatic habitat depend on oxygen dissolved in the water for their survival. The availability of O2 in water sets the boundary between aerobic and anaerobic life. This has implications on: Water quality Health of ecosystem Oxygen in water comes from dissolution of atmospheric O2. Dissolved oxygen Biological oxygen demand Energy is acquired by oxidation of organic material. In this process, oxygen is required. CH2O + O2 = CO2 + H2O 12 mgC 32mg 1mgC 2.7mg O2 At 20oC, DO=9 mg/l, therefore, only ~3.4mg of CH2O can be oxidized by the O2 in a liter of water. When the concentration of organic material is high, water can be easily depleted of DO. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of O2 (in milligram) required by microorganisms to carry out the oxidation of organic carbon in one liter of water. BOD5: the oxygen consumed by microorganisms in five days. BOD: example problem Oxygen-consuming wastes Organic waste materials released into the water can rapidly deplete dissolved oxygen. When water is overloaded with organic materials, oxygen-consuming (aerobic) bacteria proliferate. As a result, DO is consumed more rapidly than it can be replaced from the atmosphere. When DO5ppm, fish start to die. If DO drops further, invertebrates and aerobic bacteria will be unable to survive. In the absence of DO, anaerobic bacteria take over to decompose organic material ? The water begins to smell unpleasant. Sources for organic wastes Human and animal sewage Industrial waste from paper mills, tanneries, and food-processing plants Typical BODs for wastes from various processes Decomposition products of organic co