【精品资料】环境微生物学英文版.ppt

Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) and his microscope. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) working in his laboratory. Robert Koch (1843-1910) Examining a specimen in his laboratory. Two fundamentally different types of cells exist. Procaryotic cells have a much simpler morphology than eucaryotic cells and lack a true membrane-delimited nucleus. All bacteria are procaryotic. In contrast, eucaryotic have a membrane-enclosed nucleus; they are more complex morphologically and are usually larger than prokaryotes. Algae, fungi, protozoa, higher plants, and animals are eucaryotic. Procaryotic and eucaryotic cells differ in many other ways as well. Early Bacterial Exposure May Extend Fly Life Koch’s Postulates  The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy organisms. The suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture. The same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host. The same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host. Molecular Koch’s Postulates The Future of Microbiology 1. New infectious diseases are continually arising and old diseases are once again becoming widespread and destructive. AIDS, hemorrhagic fevers, and tuberculosis are excellent examples of new and reemerging infectious diseases. Microbiologists will have to respond to these threats, many of them presently unknown.2. Microbiologists must find ways to stop the spread of established infectious diseases. Increase in antibiotic resistance will be a continuing problem, particularly the spread of multiple drug resistance that can render a pathogen impervious to current medical treatment. Microbiologists have to create new drugs and find ways to slow or prevent the spread of drug resistance. New vaccines must be developed to protect against diseases such as AIDS. It will be necessary to use techniques in molecular biology an recombinant DNA technology to solve these problems.3. Re