土质学与土力学专业英语文献阅读Consistency_and_Plasticity_of_Soil.docVIP

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土质学与土力学专业英语文献阅读Consistency_and_Plasticity_of_Soil.doc

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Chapter 2 Consistency and Plasticity of Soil When clay minerals are present in fine-grained soil, that soil can be remolded in the presence of some moisture without crumbling. This cohesive nature is due to the adsorbed water surrounding the clay particles. In the early 1900s, a Swedish scientist named Arterberg developed a method to describe the consistency of fine- grained soils with varying degrees of moisture content. At a very low moisture content, soil behaves more Like a mild. When the-moisture content is very high, the soil and water may flow like a liquid. Hence, on an arbitrary basis, depending on the moisture content, the nature of soil behavior can be broken down to four basic states. They are solid, semisolid, plastic, and liquid, as shown in Figure 2.1 The moisture content, in percent, at which the transition from solid to semisolid state takes place is defined as the shrinkage limit. The moisture content at the point of transition from semisolid to plastic state is the plastic limit, and from plastic to liquid state is the liquid limit. Thee are also known as Atterberg limits. 2. 1 Liquid Limit(LL) A liquid limit device consists of a brass cup and hard rubber base. The brass cup can be dropped on the base by a cam operated by a crank. In order to perform the liquid limit test, a rail paste is placed in the cup. A groove is cut at the center of the soil pat, using the standard grooving tool. Then, by the use of the crank-operated cam, the cup is lifted and dropped from a height of 0.3937 in.(10mm). The moisture content, in percent, required to close a distance of 0.5 in. ( 12.7 mm)along the bottom of the groove after 25 blows is defined as the liquid limit. It is difficult to adjust the moisture content in the soil to meet the required 0.5 in. (12.7mm) closure of the groove in the soil pat at 25 blows. Hence, at least four tests for the same soil are made at varying moisture content, the number of blows, N, required to achieve closure varying between