毕业设计 基于单片机的电机调速器的设计.doc

直流电动机调速器硬件设计 摘 要 直流电动机广泛应用于各种场合,为使机械设备以合理速度进行工作则需要对直流电机进行调速。该实验中搭建了基于C8051F020单片机的转速单闭环调速系统，利用PWM信号改变电动机电枢电压，并由软件完成转速单闭环PI控制，旨在实现直流电动机的平滑调速，并对PI控制原理及其参数的确定进行更深的理解。实验结果显示，控制8位PWM信号输出可平滑改变电动机电枢电压，实现电动机升速、降速及反转等功能。实验中使用霍尔元件进行电动机转速的检测、反馈。期望转速则可通过功能按键给定。当选择比例参数为0.08、积分参数为0.01时，电机转速可以在3秒左右达到稳定。由实验结果知，该单闭环调速系统可对直流电机进行调速，达到预期效果。 关键字：直流电机， C8051F020，PWM，调速，数字式 Subject: Hardware Design of Speed Regulator for DC motor Major: Automation Name: Xiao yu Liu (Signature)＿＿＿＿ Instructor:Xiao dong Hu (Signature) ＿＿＿＿ Hardware Design of Speed Regulator for DC motor Abstract The dc motor is a widely used machine in various occasions.The speed regulaiting systerm is used to satisfy the requirement that the speed of dc motor be controlled over a range in some applications. In this experiment,the digital Close-loop control systerm is based on C8051F020 SCM.It used PI regulator and PWM to regulate the speed of dc motor. The method of speed regulating of dc motor is discussed in this paper and, make a deep understanding about PI regulator.According to experiment ,the armature voltage can be controlled linearnized with regulating the 8 bit PWM.So the dc motor can accelerate or decelerate or reverse.In experiment, hall component is used as a detector and feed back the speed .The expecting speed can be given by key-press.With using the PI regulator,the dc motor will have a stable speed in ten seconds when choose P value as 0.8 and I value as 0.01. At last,the experiment shows that the speed regulating systerm can work as expected. Key words: dc motor,C8051F020,PWM,speed regulating,digital 目录 第一章 绪论 1 1.1直流调速系统发展概况 1 1.2 国内外发展概况 2 1.2.1 国内发展概况 2 1.2.2 国外发展概况 3 1.2.3 总结 4 1.3 本课题研究目的及意义 4 1.4 论文主要研究内容 4 第二章 直流电动机调速器工作原理 6 2.1 直流电机调速方法及原理 6 2.2直流电机PWM(脉宽调制)调速工作原理 7 2.3 转速负反馈单闭环直流调速系统原理 11 2.3.1 单闭环直流调速系统的组成 11 2.3.2速度负反馈单闭环系统的静特性 12 2.3.3转速负反馈单闭环系统的基本特征 13 2.3.4转速负反馈单闭环系统的局限性 14 2.4 采用PI调节器的单闭环无静差调速系统 15 2.5 数字式转速负反馈单闭环系统原理 17 2.5.1原理框图 17 2.5.2 数字式PI