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A discussion of the Major Ideologies of the Western World英语.ppt
Ideologies A discussion of the Major Ideologies of the Western World Ideologies What is an ideology? Dominant vs Counter-Ideologies The Components of Ideologies Democratic Ideologies Non-Democratic Ideologies Other Ideologies Ideologies: Early Beginnings The French Philosopher Antoine Destrutt de Tracy coined the term ideologie to mean “the science of ideas” During the Enlightenment (18th Century), many philosophers in France (called philosophes), believed that the application of human reason (not adherence to faith) was needed to deal with social, economic and political challenges. Before the Enlightenment, most ideologies were primarily religious. It was during this period that we would see the great debate of faith vs. reason. Napoleon Bonaparte called his political enemies “ideologues” because they tended to hold liberal ideals and anti-religious views. This term is still used today What is an Ideology? What is an ideology? Generally speaking, it is a value system through which we perceive, explain and accept the world. According to the political theorist Robert Dahl, all individuals are ideologues in the sense that we all map out our own interpretations of what the world is and how it should be. What is the role of an Ideology? Ideologies present a simplified “cause and effect” interpretation of a complex world (e.g.“Axis of Evil” and the “coalition of the willing) They provide a theory of human nature that explains basic economic, social and political values. Ideologies appear to be moral in tone and aspire to perfect our behavior (e.g. counter laziness, or selfishness) They are often supported by constitutions, manifestos or writings (e.g the Communist Manifesto) They discuss issues such as leadership, political succession and electoral behavior Dominant Ideologies Dominant Ideologies support the existing social and political arrangements (e.g. Conservatism in the United States after 9/11) Ideologies that dominate in a society are ones that carry the mess
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