武汉大学病毒学双语版Chapter5-5.pptVIP

Expression 表达 Learning Objectives: 学习目标 Describe a generalized replication cycle for each of the seven virus genome types. 描述七种病毒基因组中任意一种的普遍的复制周期 Explain how the pattern of gene expression of a virus is determined by the structure of the virus genome and how it is replicated.解释病毒基因表达的方式是如何由病毒的基因组结构所决定的，以及病毒基因组是如何复制的 Understand the role of post-transcriptional events in controlling virus gene expression.了解转录后事件在控制病毒基因表达中的作用 Expression of Genetic Information遗传信息的表达 The course of virus replication is determined by tight control of gene expression. 严格控制 There are fundamental differences in the control of these processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 真核与原核有根本不同 Cells have varied and complex mechanisms for controlling gene expression. 复杂多变的机制 Viruses have had to achieve highly specific quantitative, temporal, and spatial control of expression with limited genetic resources. 病毒必须具有定量的和时空的调控，以利用有限的遗传信息控制表达 Expression of Genetic Information病毒基因表达调控的特点 Powerful positive and negative signals which promote or repress gene expression 强大的正/负调控信号 Highly compressed genomes in which overlapping reading frames are commonplace 基因组高度压缩使阅读框重叠 Control signals which are frequently nested within other genes 控制信号常嵌套于其它基因中 Several strategies designed to create multiple polypeptides from a single messenger RNA 多种机制被用于从单个mRNA产生多种多肽 Control of Prokaryote Gene Expression原核基因表达的控制 转录起始：Initiation of transcription is negatively regulated by synthesis of trans-acting repressor proteins（反式作用抑制蛋白）, which bind to operator sequences upstream of protein coding sequences. 结合于操纵子上游 mRNA: Collections of metabolically related genes（代谢相关基因） are grouped together and co-ordinately controlled as ‘operons’(操纵子), typically producing a polycistronic mRNA. 产生多顺反子mRNA 转录抗终止：Transcription is regulated by mechanisms such as antitermination and modifications of RNA polymerase. 抗终止作用和对聚合酶的修饰 转录后：At a post-transcriptional level, gene expression is also regulated by control of translation. 基因表达也受翻译控制 Control