SPAM 英语演讲.pptVIP

UNIT 4 Speech Preparation SPAM A Quiz What factors do we need to consider during the process of a public speech? What is SPAM? Name two famous speeches analyzed in chapter 2. Factors into Consideration Speaker Message Audience Channel Context Interference Feedback loop Case Study Situation Time Historical background; Context – current environment. Place Whose domain? The specific stage; A more personal consideration. An Anecdote 葛底斯堡战役后，决定为死难烈士举行盛大葬礼。掩葬委员会发给总统一张普通的请帖，他们以为他是不会来的，但林肯答应了。既然总统来，那一定要讲演的，但他们已经请了著名演说家艾佛瑞特来做这件事，因此，他们又给林肯写了信，说在艾佛瑞特演说完毕之后，他们希望他“随便讲几句适当的话”。这是一个侮辱，但林肯平静地接受了。两星期内，他在穿衣、刮脸、吃点心时也想着怎样演说。演说稿改了两三次，他仍不满意。到了葬礼的前一天晚上，还在做最后的修改，然后半夜找到他的同僚高声朗诵。走进会场时，他骑在马上仍把头低到胸前默想着演说辞。?　　 那位艾佛瑞特讲演了两个多小时，将近结束时，林肯不安地掏出旧式眼镜，又一次看他的讲稿。他的演说开始了，一位记者支上三角架准备拍摄照片，等一切就绪的时候，林肯已走下讲台。这段时间只有两分钟，而掌声却持续了10分钟。后人给以极高评价的那份演说辞，在今天译成中文，也不过400字。?　　 林肯的这篇演说是演说史上著名的篇章，其思想的深刻，行文的严谨，语言的冼练，确实是不愧彪炳青史的大手笔。尤其是其中的第二段，其语义的承转，结构的安排，甚至包括其句式的使用，无一不是极尽推敲之作。 Purpose(s) 0. To impress; Topic: General purpose Specific purpose A funeral To mourn, to praise and to memorize. To take the stand, to firm the belief, to toughen morale, and to condense strength. To fight together! Audience 据统计，当时约有一万五千至两万人参与仪式，入席者包括当时廿四个联邦州中的六位州长：宾夕法尼州的安德鲁·葛瑞格·柯丁（Andrew Gregg Curtin）、马里兰州的奥古斯都·布莱德福（Augustus Bradford）、印地安那州的奥利佛·摩顿（Oliver P. Morton）、纽约州的候拉提欧·西摩尔（Horatio Seymour）、纽泽西州的乔·帕克（Joel Parker）、以及俄亥俄州的大卫·陶德（David Tod）。 Audience Common people (who were suffering, who felt like giving up, who needed encouragement …) Politicians (supporters and hesitant ones) “competitors” – different political status Methods What? – rhetorical devices (verbal techniques) How? – visual and vocal techniques Group task: Listen to the following two audio clips, choose the one that you like better, and explain why. 1 2 Group work: SPAM Analysis Report When we need to say no, here is one method we can try. First, we should tell the truth. If we really cant do something, we should just say so. Second, we should remember to refuse requests pol