美国文学1.ppt

UNIT FOURTEEN MODERNISM FITZGERALD Defining modernism is a difficult task. ... A historical definition would say that modernism is the artistic movement in which the artists self-consciousness about questions of form and structure became uppermost. ... In brief, modernism asks us to consider what we normally understand by the center and the margins. - Heath Anthology, Vol. 2, 4th ed., 887-888. Prose: Gertrude Stein (1871—1946) Sherwood Anderson (1876—1941) H. L. Mencken (1880—1956) Sinclair Lewis (1885—1951) Eugene O’Neill (1888—1953) Katherine Anne Porter (1890—1980) Jean Toomer (1894—1967) John Dos Passos (1896—1970) F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896—1940) William Faulkner (1897—1962) Ernest Hemingway (1899—1961) Thomas Wolfe (1900—1938) Zora Neale Hurston (1901—1960) Langston Hughes (1902—1967) John Steinbeck (1902—1968) Nathanael West (1903—1940) Richard Wright (1908—1960) Poetry: Robert Frost (1875—1963) Carl Sandburg (1878—1967) Wallace Stevens (1879—1955) William Carlos Williams (1883—1963) Ezra Pound (1885—1972) Robinson Jeffers (1887—1962) Marianne Moore (1887—1972) T. S. Eliot (1888—1965) John Crowe Ransom (1888—1974) E. E. Cummings (1884—1962) Hart Crane (1899—1932) Allen Tate (1899—1979) Langston Hughes (1902—1967) Countee Cullen (1903—1946) The Centers of Modernism: 1. Stylistic innovations - disruption of traditional syntax and form. 2. Artists self-consciousness about questions of form and structure. 3. Obsession with primitive material and attitudes. 4. International perspective on cultural matters. Modern Themes: 1. Collectivism versus the authority of the individual. 2. The impact of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. 3. The Jazz Age. 4. The passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920 giving women the right to vote. 5.Prohibition of the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages, 1920-33. 6. The stock-market crash of 1929 and the Depression of the 1930s and their impact. (Paul P. Reuben) Photos of F. Scot