数据通信与网络08复用2.ppt

Asynchronous TDM In statistical multiplexing, the number of slots in each frame is less than the number of input lines. Asynchronous TDM in synchronous TDM, each input has a reserved slot in the output frame. This can be inefficient if some input lines have no data to send. Asynchronous TDM 当激活的发送者的数目不等于帧内时间片的数目时，时间片并不是对称填充的。 在第二、第三两种情况下，如果线路速度等于输入线路速度的3倍，那么数据到达的速率可能会快于复用器将数据发送到链路的速率。在这种情况下，需要一个缓冲区在复用器可以发送之前缓存数据。 Asynchronous TDM In the absence of fixed positional relationships, each time slot must carry an address telling the demultiplexer how to direct the data. This address, for local use only, is attached by the multiplexer and discarded by the demultiplexer once it has been read. Adding address bits to each time slot increases the overhead of an asynchronous system and some what limits its potential efficiency. To limit their impact, addresses usually consist of only a small number of bits. Addressing and Overhead Asynchronous TDM can accommodate traffic of varying data rates by varying the length of the time slots. Stations transmitting at a faster data rate can be given a longer slot. Managing variable-length fields requires that control bits be appended to the beginning of each time slot to indicate the length of the coming data portion. These extra bits also increase the overhead of the system and are efficient only with larger time slots. Variable-Length Time Slots 变长时间片 Inverse multiplexing takes the data stream from one high-speed line and breaks it into portions that can be sent across several lover speed lines simultaneously, with no loss in the collective data rate. Inverse multiplexing is the opposite of multiplexing. Inverse multiplexing 逆复用 Inverse multiplexing 逆复用 Multiplexing and Inverse multiplexing 如果一个组织，想要传输数据、语音及视频，每种数据要求不同的数据速率。 语音，需要64 Kbps的链路；数据，需要一条128 Kbps的链路；视频，需要1.544 Mbps的链路。 为满足这些需求，有两个选择。 ①租用一条1.544 Mbps的信道，而只在有些时候使用该信道的全部能力，这显然不是对设施的高效使用方式。 ②租用若干条较低数据速率的信道。采用一种称为按需分配带宽的方式，按照需要决定何时以何种方式来使用这些信道。语音传输不需要