gmat essay补充讲义1.docVIP

Argument 开头段写法: 归纳论点论据, 指出逻辑错误的个数 Arguer/writer/author/speaker Claim/assert/state/maintain/contend/allege/recommend/suggest/advise/advocate/propose/predict/forcast/ forsee/project/expect 简单复述原文论据与假设 Cause/explain/account for/be responsible for/contribute to 指出论证过程有缺陷 Weakened/inflicted/flawed in/undermined/damaged… 结尾段写法 In summary, the conclusion in this argument is invalid and misleading. To make the argument more convincing… To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. To solidify the argument, the arguer would have to provide/furnish more evidences concerning… 主要逻辑错误 攻击模板 Vague data The argument tells us that “many” a number of ……. However, the arguer fails to indicate the percentage of……, so this evidence is far too vague to be meaningful. The author fails to provide information regarding the absolute number of …… Are the respondent representative? 攻击模板: Unless the survey sampled a sufficient number of ___ and did so randomly across the entire spectrum, the survey results are not reliable to gauge___. 攻击模板 攻击充分性: The argument assumes too hastily that ____ will adequately result in the behavior that the argument predicts. Perhaps,____. Moreover, ______. The fact that __A__ is not sufficient for the predication that ___B___. 攻击必要性 The author’s recommendation depends on the assumption that no other factor other than __A__caused B. However, common sense informs us that this assumption is a poor one. A myriad of other factors, including C and D, might be the cause of __B__. Without ruling out these and other possible causes, the editor can not justifiably conclude that____. 取样不随机, 片面 8. The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter. “The common notion that workers are generally apathetic about management issues is false, or at least outdated: a recently published survey indicates that 79 percent of the nearly 1,200 workers who responded to survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the