山东学位英语热点专题复习-非谓语动词.doc

专题五 非谓语动词  资料来源: 31省市学位英语网() 非谓语动词是中学语法中的重要内容。考点主要分布在以下几方面：1、不定式和动名词作主语和宾语；2、分词和不定式作宾补，状语和定语；3、非谓语动词的各种形式；4、动名词的复合结构；5、“疑问词+不定式”结构；6、不定式的省略；7、现在分词与过去分词的区别。考点分析如下： 考点一：定式和分词作状语（其逻辑主 语必须和句子的主语一致） 1.分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式，伴随状况等。 Hearing the news , they got excited .(时间) Having been bitten by a snake , she was frightened of it . (原因) Given a chance , I can surprise the world .(条件) Having been told many times , he still repeated the same mistakes (让步) The cup dropped to the ground , breaking into pieces .(结果) The teacher came into the lab , followed by some students .(伴随状况) 注意：独立成分作状语，有些分词短语，其形式不受上下文的影响，称其独立成分，常见的有： generally speaking …一般来说 frankly speaking … 坦白地说 strictly speaking … 严格地讲 judging from/ by … 根据…来 considering , … 考虑到 … to be honest 老实说 taken as a whole , … 总的来说 to tell the trnth .说真的 to be honest 老实说 to make things worse 使事情更糟的是 given … 考虑到 2.不定式作状语。表示“目的，结果，原因”。 ①下列作表语用的形容词，后可接不定式作状语。 happy, lucky, fortunate, glad, pleased, afraid, surprised, proud, disappointed, sure, able, sorry, free, willing, eager, ready, anxious, likely, patient, easy, difficult, fit, comfortalbe 等。 其句型结构如下： ②跟在动词之后作状语 The doctor did all he could to save the boy. ③常见的结构中的不定式作状语 in order to do（为了...） so as to do（以便...） so adj/adv as to do（如此…以致于...） too adj/adv to do（太...而不能...） adj/adv enough to do（足够...以致于...） only to do （结果…） 考点二不定式和动名词作宾语 1.下列动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语，常见的动词有：agree, seek , fail , decide, refuse , offer , afford , learn , dare , demand , hope , desire , manage , prepare , pretend , promise , ask , want , expect , intend , wish , choose , determine , would like , set out (着手，开始) attempt , make up one's mind , try one's best 等. 2.有些动词不能直接跟不定式作宾语，需用it 代替不定式。常见的动词有：find , make , feel , think , consider , suppose 等。 其句型结构如下： 主+ V( make , find … ) it + adi /n + 不定式 This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop quickly . 3.下列动词及短语等后面只接动名词作宾语 ①admit , advise , avoid , appreciate , enjoy , escape , excuse , delay , miss , risk , fancy , resist ,