Charpter 7 Solutions-2008级April12.ppt

Chapter 7 Solutions 7.1 Thermodynamic Activity 7.2 Partial Molar Quantities 7.3 Relative Partial Molar Quantities 7.4 Entropy of Mixing:Ideal Solution “A” and “B” to form Ideal Solutions 7.5 Enthalpy of Mixing:Ideal solution 7.6 Graphical Representation 7.7 Nonideal Solutions 7.8 Gibbs-Duhem Relation 7.10 Integrating the Gibbs-Duhem Equation 7.9 Dilute Solutions and Colligative Properties 7.11 Regular Solution 7.12 Regular solutions: atomistic interpretation Only applied to regular solutions, |HM∣≤ RT, SM = SM，id Consider only the inter-atomic forces between nearest neighboring atoms; Coordination number z nA+nB= N0; XA, XB; uAA, uBB uAB ; uAA0, uBB 0, uAB 0; 7.12 Regular solutions:  atomistic interpretation 7.12 Regular solutions: atomistic interpretation 7.12 Regular solutions: atomistic interpretation 7.12 Regular solutions: atomistic interpretation 7.12 Regular solutions: atomistic interpretation An extreme of ② type nonideal solution: A and B are totally immiscible, i.e., they form no solution p179 Summary : three types of solutions Ideal solution: uAA= uBB= uAB Nonideal type ①， | uAB | |1/2(uAA+uBB)| Nonideal type ②， |uAB | | 1/2(uAA+uBB)| type ① Negative deviation from Raoult’s Law Positive deviation from Raoult’s Law Deviation from ideal solution – summary type ② Activity: Ideal solution：ai = xi Nonideal solution: ai =?i xi P181, correction Henry’s Law: (xA?0) kA r (dilute solution, p181) Dilute solution: Integrated form of Gibbs free energy of 1 mole solution: 7.29 for binary A-B Then: 7.31 The total differentials of G at constant T and P: 7.30 for binary A-B So: 7.32 for binary A-B --- Gibbs-Duhem Relation at const.T and P indicating the relationship between chemical potential (partial molar Gibbs Free energy) of different components in a solution . For binary A+B solution, p182-183, 7.33-7.37 7.35 If in a composition range, B behav