基于51单片机和PID的恒温控制系统设计.doc

摘 要 工业生产中温度控制具有单向性、时滞性、大惯性和时变性的特征，要实现温度控制的快速性和准确性，对于提高产品质量具有很重要的现实意义。 本课题针对温度控制的特点及实现准确温度控制的意义，设计了一种基于PID的恒温控制系统。设计内容包括硬件和软件两个部分。硬件电路以AT89S52单片机为微处理器，详细设计了为单片机提供电的电源电路，温度信号采样电路，键盘及显示电路，加温控制电路等四大电路模块。软件部分主要对PID算法进行了数学建模和编程。PID参数整定采用的是归一参数整定法。本设计由键盘电路输入设定温度信号给单片机，温度信号采集电路采集现场温度信号给单片机，单片机根据输入与反馈信号的偏差进行PID计算，输出控制信号给加温控制电路，实现加温和停止。显示电路实现现场温度的实时监控。 本系统PID参数整定在MATLAB软件下SIMULINK环境中进行了仿真，通过稳定边界法整定得到、、参数，最终系统无稳态误差，调节时间为30s，无超调量，各项指标均满足设计要求。本系统实现简单，硬件要求不高，且能对温度进行时实显示，具有控制过程的特殊性，本设计提出了一种基于PID算法来实现恒温控制的温度控制系统，主要是为了达到生产过程中对温度控制速度快，准确性高等特点。 关键词：恒温控制，单片机，PID算法，MATLAB仿真 ABSTRACT Industrial production is a one-way temperature control, delay, the inertia and time-varying characteristics, To achieve the rapid temperature control and accuracy, improving the quality of products is a very important practical significance. The temperature control issues against the characteristics and achieve precise control of temperature, Based on the design of a PID temperature control system. Design elements include hardware and software in two parts. Hardware circuit to AT89S52 MCU for microprocessors, for the detailed design of the microcontroller to provide electricity supply circuit, Temperature signal sampling circuit, keyboard and display circuits, such as heating control circuit four circuit module. Software major part of the PID algorithm is a mathematical modeling and programming. PID tuning parameters are used to a fixed parameter. The circuit design of the keyboard input from the set temperature signal to the microcontroller, Temperature Signal Acquisition Circuit collect temperature signal to the microcontroller, According to SCM input and feedback signal, the error for PID, the output control signals to the heating control circuit, Heating and achieve stop. Show circuit scene of the real-time monitoring of temperature. The system PID tuning parameters in MATLAB software under SIMULINK environment for the conduct of the simulation, By stabilizing the border will be the