PEC生物工程英语证书考试-遗传学常用术语.docVIP

PEC生物工程英语证书考试-遗传学常用术语 Achondroplasia -- the most common and well known form of short limbed dwarfism characterized by a normal trunk size with disproportionally short arms and legs, and a disproportionally large head; autosomal dominant condition. Advanced maternal age -- women over age 34 (age 35 at delivery) at increased risk for nondisjunction trisomy in fetus. Alcoholism -- a chronic and progressive condition characterized by the inability to control the consumption of alcohol. Allele -- an alternative form of a gene; any one of several mutational forms of a gene. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) -- a protein excreted by the fetus into the amniotic fluid and from there into the mothers bloodstream through the placenta. Alu repetitive sequence -- the most common dispersed repeated DNA sequence in the human genome accounting for 5% of human DNA. The name is derived from the fact that these sequences are cleaved by the restriction endonuclease Alu. Amino acid sequence -- the linear order of the amino acids in a protein or peptide. Amniocentesis -- prenatal diagnosis method using cells in the amniotic fluid to determine the number and kind of chromosomes of the fetus and, when indicated, perform biochemical studies. Amniocyte -- cells obtained by amniocentesis. Amplification -- any process by which specific DNA sequences are replicated disproportionately greater than their representation in the parent molecules. Aneuploidy -- state of having variant chromosome number (too many or too few). (i.e. Down syndrome, Turner syndrome). Angelman syndrome -- a condition characterized by severe mental deficiency, developmental delay and growth deficiency, puppet-like gait and frequent laughter unconnected to emotions of happiness. Apert syndrome -- a condition caused by the premature closure of the sutures of the skull bones, resulting in an altered head shape, with webbed fingers and toes. Autosomal dominant. Artificial insemination -- the placement of sperm