小湾导流中孔闸墩开裂成因及工作性态分析_水利学报.docVIP

文章编号： 小湾导流中孔闸墩开裂成因及工作性态分析 邱焕峰1，傅少君1,2，黄振科1，陈胜宏2 （1.武汉大学土木建筑工程学院，湖北武汉 4300722.武汉大学水资源与水电工程国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072） iversion Sluice Pier in Xiao-wan Arch Dam Qiu Huan-feng1, Fu Shao-jun1,2, Huang Zhen-ke1, Cheng Sheng-hong2 (1.School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 2. The State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China) Abstract: The factors resulted in cracking of Xiao-wan arch dam crack is extremely complicated. As for the crack of sluice in drainage, a numerical analysis system based on elastic-visco-plastic mechanics theory is established. This system analyzes the reasons for crack and calculates its operating performance. By that analysis and calculation, conclusions are drawn as follows. 1) The single process is not the reason for crack but the cumulative effect of thermal control measure and anchor rope tension and water storage, and thermal control measures is the most significant reason. 2) When the crack is full of water, if the drainage hole continues to play a role in overflowing, the stress intensity factor of its tip would surpass the fracture toughness of the concrete. With the hydraulic fracture effect, the crack would increasingly extend. The fruitful study of this paper is valuable for reference for similar projects. Keywords: Xiao-wan Arch Dam; Prestressed Pier; Cracking; Stress Intensity Factor 1 引言 大体积混凝土的开裂问题一直是国内外学者研究的热点课题和难题之一。许多学者[1~2]从工程设计、材料、施工工艺等宏观角度研究了混凝土开裂的成因；裂缝模型方面，Ngo和Scordelis[3]（1967）提出了离散裂缝模型（Discrete Crack Model），Rashid[4]（1968）提出了弥散裂缝模型 （Smeared Crack Model），该模型可分为旋转裂缝模型和固定裂缝模型两类；裂缝扩展方面，Kaplan[5]（1961）首先将断裂力学应用于混凝土材料中，用三点弯曲梁测定并研究了混凝土的断裂韧度；徐世烺等[6]针对混凝土断裂特性提出了双K断裂模型，并在线性渐进叠加假定的基础上给出了双K断裂参数的解析表达式。 总体看，目前关于混凝土开裂问题的应用研究还远远滞后于理论研究，特别像小湾这样300米级的超高拱坝的开裂问题还有许多问题值得深入研究。 小湾大坝为混凝土抛物线变厚度双曲拱坝，坝高294.5m，属超高拱坝。施工期，拱坝坝内产生了较严重的温度裂缝，部分温度裂缝与导流中孔贯通（如图1），导致高速过流时导流中孔内高压水进入裂缝引起劈裂情况。为了保证拱坝施工期安全度汛和运行期的安全，研究其开裂原因，分析评估其工作性态，并提出裂缝的工程处治措施，具有十分重要的实际意义。 图导流中孔闸墩裂缝分布图Fig.1 Crack distribu