《新编语言学教程》练习参考答案.pdfVIP

练习参考答案 Chapter 1 Introduction 1. Define the following terms briefly. (1) linguistics: the scientific or systematic study of language. (2) language: a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communica- tion. (3) arbitrariness: the absence of similarity between the form of a linguistic sign and what it relates to in reality, e.g. the word dog does not look like a dog. (4) duality: the way meaningless elements of language at one level (sounds and letters) combine to form meaningful units (words) at another level. (5) competence: knowledge of the grammar of a language as a formal abstrac- tion and distinct from the behavior of actual language use, i.e. performance. (6) performance: Chomsky’s term for actual language behavior as distinct from the knowledge that underlies it, or competence. (7) stylistics: the study of how literary effects can be related to linguistic features. (8) phatic communion: Language is used to establish an atmosphere or main- tain social contact between the speaker and the hearer. (9) functionalism: the study of the forms of language in reference to their social function