基于临界平面法的钢轨裂纹萌生寿命预测模型研究.docVIP

  基于临界平面法的钢轨裂纹萌生寿命预测 模型研究# 王少锋，周宇，许玉德，李海锋** 5 10 （同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室，上海，201804） 摘要：临界平面法是常用的钢轨裂纹萌生预测方法，诸多文献分别基于此研究了相关的预测 模型，但计算出的钢轨裂纹萌生寿命时间比现场观测到的裂纹萌生寿命稍早。通过对模型进 行理论分析，结果认为，蠕滑力/率在裂纹萌生预测模型中起十分重要的作用，尤其是纵向 蠕滑力与自旋蠕滑力。采用全蠕滑状态是致使预测结果比实际观测结果要短的重要原因之 一。此外，摩擦热应力产生的残余应力为拉应力、不平顺导致接触应力的改变、钢轨材质与 夹杂物的影响、以及裂纹萌生阶段的选取准则、磨耗的影响等，都应在钢轨滚动接触疲劳裂 纹萌生寿命预测中有合理考虑。 关键词：铁道工程；钢轨裂纹萌生寿命；临界平面；预测模型；蠕滑力 中图分类号：U213.4+2 15 Further Study of Rail Crack Initiation Life Prediction Models Based on Critical Plane Method WANG Shaofeng, ZHOU Yu, XU Yude, LI Haifeng (Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education,Tongji University, 20 25 30 35 40 Shanghai 201804) Abstract: The critical plane method is commonly used in prediction of rail crack initiation, there are many relevant prediction models based on it. But the prediction result of the crack initiation life is smaller than the life in site observed earlier. Through theoretical analysis of these models, the result is following: creep force/rate play an important role in crack initiation prediction models, especially the longitudinal creep force and spin creep forces. Full sliding state is an important reasons about that the predicted result is shorter than the result of actual observations. In addition, the thermal stress generated by friction is tensile residual stress, irregularity leading to contact stress changed, the impact of the rail materials inclusion, crack initiation stage of the selection criteria, and the impact of the wear should be considered in RCF cracks initiation life prediction reasonable. Key words: Railway Engeneering; crack initiation life; critical plane; prediction model; creep forces 0 引言 随着客运列车运行速度提高和货运列车轴重增加，钢轨受力状态更加复杂，滚动接触疲 劳伤损尤其是疲劳裂纹越来越严重，如图 1 所示。它不仅增加铁路的运营成本，而且导致轨 面不平顺，影响列车运行品质，同时引起恶性循环使轮轨间冲击力增大，进一步加快钢轨伤 损的发展，甚至造成钢轨断裂，直接危及行车安全[1][2]。滚动接触疲劳裂纹受一系列因素的 影响，包括环境条件、轮/轨断面、曲线半径、坡度、钢轨表面润滑方法、钢轨的冶金工艺、 车辆特性、轨道几何形位偏差以及钢轨的打磨方法等。为了掌握钢轨疲劳裂纹的萌生周期， 基金项目：国家自然科学基金；高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题（200802471003） 作者