e21.General Embryology人胚发生与早期发育（胚胎学总论）.pptVIP

组织胚胎学课件 七年制英文医学班专用 Chapter 21 General Embryology ---a science which study the processes and regulations of development of human fetus.(from 1 cell(zygote) to (5-7)X1012 cells ) ---total 38 weeks: preembryonic period: before 2 weeks embryonic period: 3-8 weeks fetal period: after 9 weeks *perinatal stage: 26 weeks to birth *Teratology: abnormal development of fetus 1.Fertilization ---definition: the process by which the male and female gametes(sperm and ovum) unite to give rise to zygote ---place: in the ampullary region of the fallopian tube ---conditions: 1)????? maturation of oocyte 2)????? maturation of spermatozoon: /ductus epididymus: 2-3 weeks, forward motility protein 3)??capacitation of spermatozoa: decapacitation factor: exist in epididymus, to inhibit the release of acrosome enzymes capacitation factor: secreted by epi. cells of oviduct, capacity of releasing acrosome enzymes 4)??quality and quantity of spermatozoa: 2-6 ml, 100,000,000/ml, 1.5 ml; or 10,000,000; abnormal sperm 30%; or capacity for mobile 70% 5)? meeting of sperm and ovum sperm: 20-24h ovum: 15-18h(1-3ds) ---processes of fertilization: 1)????acrosome reaction: /hyaluronic acidase: dissolve corona radiate * interact with ZP3(receptor glycoprotein, exist in zona pellucide) molecules, release /acrosin: dissolve zona pellucide /enter perivitelline space 2)????? spermatozoa fuse with the membrane of ovum: nucleus enter cytoplasm of ovum 3)????? monospermy: cortical reaction: cortical granules(located in cytoplasm of ovum) are released into perivitelline space, and cause zona reaction: change of ZP3 molecules in zona pellucide 4)????? formation of zygote(fertilized ovum) secondary meiosis complete: form second polar body male pronucleus fuse with female pronucleus, to restore the 2n chromasome ---significance of fertilization: 1) a new life begin(initiation of cleavage) 2)restoration of th