e11.Skin皮肤.pptVIP

组织胚胎学课件 七年制英文医学班专用 Chapter 11 Skin ---skin is the largest organ of the body, it constitutes about 16% of body weight ---its total surface area is about 1.2-2.2 m2 ---function: protection, sensory reception, excretion and thermoregulation 1. Structure of skin ---epidermis ---dermis 1) epidermis ---keratinised stratified squamous epithelium ---consist of keratinised cell and non-keratinised cell ①keratinised cell: ---from basal to surface, we can classify the cells into five layers stratum basale ---structure: LM: -a layer of cuboidal or low columnar cell with a large, pale N -basophilic cytoplasm EM: -free ribosome -keratin filament- tonofilament -desmosome ---function: mitotic activity and proliferation b. stratum spinosum ---structure: LM: -4-10 layers polygonal cell with large round nucleus -spinous processes -slight basophilic cytoplasm EM: -tonofibrils -lamellated granules: /100-300nm membrane-coated /contain phospholipid and steroid -intercellular bridges- Desmosome c. stratum granulosum ---structure: LM: -3-5 layers flattened cell -muclei begin to degenerate-stained slightly -keratohyalin granules: basophilic EM: -keratohyalin granules: with tonofilament insert into them -lamellated granules: fused with cell membrane * keratohyalin + tonofilament = keratin d. stratum lucidum ---structure: LM: -3-4 layers of cell appear homogeneous and transparent -no nucleus and organella -eosinophilic-keratohyalin -tonofilament embedded in homogeneous matrix e. stratum corneum ---structure: LM: -several layers horny cell -died cell- no nucleus and organella -eosinophilic -keratin * desquamation: surface keratin will shed from outer surface ② non-keratinised cell: a. melanocyte: ---structure: LM: -large cell with long branches -located among stratum basale cells EM: -risosome -RER