section 4-3 Synchronous machines资料.pptVIP

* Chapter 4 Electric Machinery Section 3 Synchronous machines Text New Words and Expressions Exercises End Addition or Omission of Chinese words Section 3 Synchronous Machines A synchronous machine is an AC machine whose speed under steady-state conditions is proportional to the frequency of the current in its armature. Polyphase DC excited synchronous machines comprise a polyphase armature winding and a DC field winding. At synchronous speed, the rotating magnetic field created by the armature currents travels at the same speed as the field created by the field current, and a steady torque results. An elementary physical picture of how a synchronous machine works has already been given elsewhere, Section 3 Synchronous Machines with emphasis on torque production in terms of the interactions among its magnetic fields. The purpose of this section is to develop a quantitative theory from which both the electrical and mechanical characteristics of synchronous motors and generators can be determined. The synchronous machine is idealized to the extent that the effects of salient poles and magnetic saturation are not included. Section 3 Synchronous Machines Synchronous machines can be classified as cylindrical-rotor or salient-pole machines. The cylindrical-rotor construction is used in high-speed steam-turbine-driven generators. The armature windings consist of laminated conductors placed in the stator slots. They are usually 3-phase Y-connected windings, and voltages of above 13800 volts, line to line, are common in sizes above several thousand kilowatts. The rotor carries the DC field winding. Most of the turbine generators being built at present for 60-cps service are 2-pole Section 3 Synchronous Machines 3600-rpm machines. Because of the economies of high-speed high-temperature high-pressure steam turbines, much study and some real pioneering work have been devoted to improvements in materials and design of both generators and turbi