论生态农业模式的基本类型.pdfVIP

2009 年 5 月 第 17 卷 第 3 期 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, May 2009, 17(3): 405−409 DOI: 10. 3724/SP.J.1011.2009.00405 论生态农业模式的基本类型* 骆世明 (农业部生态农业重点开放实验室 华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所 广州 510642) 摘 要 生态农业模式的基本类型可按照生物组织层次分为: 在景观层次, 以农业土地利用布局为核心的景 观模式; 在生态系统层次, 以农业生态系统组分能物流连结为核心的循环模式; 在群落层次, 以生物种群结构 安排为核心的立体模式; 在种群层次, 以食物链关系设计为核心的食物链模式; 在个体与基因层次上, 以动植 物品种选择为核心的物种与品种搭配模式。处于上一层次的生态农业模式基本类型可以与向下各个层次的模 式套叠, 形成复合模式。生态农业基本类型属于基础分类, 不排斥其他根据方便利用、容易理解的其他分类方 式。这种基本类型的区分有利于认定生态农业建设的重点, 有利于模式改进、模式筛选和推广、模式标准制 定及模式的深入研究。 关键词 生态农业 生态农业模式 基本类型 中图分类号: S181 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-3990(2009)03-0405-05 Fundamental classification of eco-agricultural models LUO Shi-Ming (Eco-agriculture Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China) Abstract Following the basic organization hierachy of biology, eco-agricultural models can be classified into the following funda- mental classes: landscape model (at landscape level), in which agricultural land arrangement pattern is essential; cycling model (at ecosystem level), in which the core model is linked to different compartments of agro-ecosystems through energy and material flow; the vertical model (at community level), in which structural arrangement of species is important; food-chain model (at population level), which relates to the structural design of food-chain; and variety structure model (at individual and gene level), which relates to the choice of plant and animal species. Models in upper levels