测控技术与仪器--单片机超声波测距毕业设计论文.doc

PAGE 超声波测距系统的硬件设计 测控技术与仪器　 ［摘　要］超声波测距器，可以应用于汽车倒车、建筑施工工地以及一些工业现场的位置监控，也可用于如液位、井深、管道长度的测量等场合。在本次设计中，设计的超声波测距系统的测量精度为1cm，能够清晰稳定地显示测量结果。在整个超声波测距硬件电路模块中主要的电路设计有超声波发射电路、超声波接收电路、显示电路、温度补偿电路以及声光报警电路构成。其中接收电路主要采用的是CX20106A；发射电路采用的是反相器74HC04及超声波发射换能器组成；另外，为了提高测量的精度在电路中又加入了温度补偿装置，DS18B20就是用来测量当前温度从而来实现这一功能。通过实物验证这一设计方案是可行的。 ［关键词］STC89C52；超声波测距；74HC04；CX20106A;温度补偿 The Hardware Design of Ultrasonic Ranging Systerm Tracking Control Technology and Equipment Abstract: Ultrasonic range finder, can be applied to the car into reverse, the construction sites and industrial the position to monitor and may be used as the old, dark, the length of such occasions. In the design of system design, precision measurement range of ultrasonic, the stability of 1cm clear that measurement. In the whole range of ultrasonic hardware circuit that the main circuit design has an ultrasonic the circuit, an ultrasound the circuit, show circuit, temperature compensate circuit and the audible and visible police made a circuit. One of the main circuits are CX20106A ;The circuit is the use of ultrasonic 74HC04 and in the launch of the change to another in order to improve ;The precision measurement in the circuit joined the compensation arrangement, DS18B20 is used to measure the temperature and to fulfil this function. In the design by the scheme is feasible. Keywords: STC89C52;Silent WaveMeasureDistance；74HC04;CX20106A;Temperature Compensation 目　　录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175018 1 序言 PAGEREF _Toc9175018 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175019 1.1 课题研究的背景及意义 PAGEREF _Toc9175019 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175020 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175023 2 超声波测距的设计思路 PAGEREF _Toc9175023 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175019 2.1 超声波传感器及其测距原理 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175020 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175019 2.2 方案论证 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175020 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175024 3 总体方案设计 PAGEREF _Toc9175024 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175025 3.1 单片机测距原理 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175029 3.2 单片机系统及其基本电路 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9175029 3.2.1 STC89C52